Large magnitude
(Large Tm, large E and small α )
Example: MgO – 1000 kJ / mol, Tm- 2800oC
Non-directional
(Typically Ceramics)
Variable for materials such as Si, Ge
Large for Diamond (Carbon) and small for Bismuth
Typically Large Tm and large E
Example: Si - 450 kJ/mol; Tm- 1410oC
Directional
(Typically Semiconductors, Polymers and some Ceramics)
Large: Tungsten (W)
Small: Mercury (Hg)
Moderate: Al: 68 kJ/mol, Tm~ 670oC
Smallest
Characterized by low Tm, low E and large α
Inter–chain (Polymer)
Inter–molecular
Symbols: Tm: Melting point, α: Coefficient of thermal expansion, E: Elastic modulus