Conventional survey techniques are all about measuring 2D or 3D coordinates of a point for mapping of a surface. Though accurate, these techniques are time consuming for topographic mapping. With development of various hard and soft technologies in last two decades, advanced mapping techniques have evolved. It gives a paradigm shift as conventional surveys are superseded by advanced surveying techniques, which are not only accurate and flexible but require minimum time to acquire large amount of 3D data. Therefore, these techniques have been extensively used in many areas of engineering by students, researchers, and industries. On the other hand, the fundamental concepts of most of the advanced surveying techniques are not clear to all users. This course on Higher Surveying discusses about the modern techniques of advanced surveying, their fundamental concepts, data acquisition, data processing, and applications.
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